Waterstops

Day joint bands

The pauses during concreting are termed day joints, technical joints, temporary joints. Often due to technical and organisational conditions, the contractor is forced to conduct concreting works in a limited scope. The division of such works into phases is influenced by numerous factors, such as the speed of concrete mix binding, geometric shape of the executed site, limited formwork surface available to the contractor, machine effectiveness, ambient conditions, etc.
In general, one can say that day joints are joints that diminish with time, with the structure becoming a unified, monolithic system. These are, usually, weaker spots of components, and hence, it is recommended to place day joints in spots where external forces cancel each other out, or to design them ensuring appropriate cross-section load bearing capacity. A broad range of norms describes the rules of designing structures, where concreting works are spread out over a longer period of time.
Polish Standard PN-EN 1992 explains the term: ‘A complex component is a component made of concrete poured at the construction site and pre-cast concrete, joined by reinforcement bars or joined without reinforcement.’ This term closely relates to any divisions or pauses during concreting, where the pouring of concrete is delayed in time, but where it is not always related to the supply of ready components.
It is in turn necessary to lay out cross reinforcement through two components divided by a concreting interruption. At the same time, the German norm DIN 1045-1 describes such rebar as ‘stitching reinforcement’.
Standard ACI 318-08 of the American Concrete institute classifies joints as being either smooth surfaces or rough surfaces with purposefully created grooves. The shape of the executed day joint influences greatly the relevant component’s load bearing capacity as well as the tightness of such a joint. Executing a notched joint (bolt) for the purpose of more precise joining of structural components, can be done through the use of profiled day joint meshes (i. e. STC mesh).
Beside day joints and technical joints, contraction joints are also important. These constitute targeted actions weakening the cross-section locally, aimed at creating cracks (fractures), contributing to the reduction of tensions exhibited by contractions.
Due to the need to ensure component tightness, one can differentiate between day joints that:

• do not require tightness,
• require tightness against the influence of ground water and other water acting on them, without pressure (i. e. external walls and foundation slabs, underground parking lots, ceiling roofs, etc.),
• must guarantee joint tightness for water under pressure (i. e. tanks, foundation containers, etc.).

Day joint sealing bands

Properties:

Besaflex type A sealing bands are characterised by high resistance to water ageing. The upper limit working temperature without load is approx. 80 °C, above this temperature, the band’s mechanical strength changes. Joining Besaflex bands is done by welding at temperatures of 120 °C-165 °C.¹⁾²⁾

Properties:

Nitriflex type A sealing bands are characterised by better chemical resistance and mechanical strength than Besaflex bands. They can be used for sealing of structures under threat of water at greater pressure values. Joining of Nitriflex sealing bands by welding allows for permanent and cost-effective execution of all kinds of joints of PVC bands.1)2)

Properties:

Polyflex sealing bands are characterised by good chemical resistance. They are particularly recommended for structures susceptible to low temperatures. Polyflex bands are joined by welding.

Properties: High thermal resistance of type F Elastoflex bands are one of the most important criteria of their selection for insulating structures at locations, where they are in contact with hot bitumen compounds. Apart from that, they exhibit high tear resistance and relative elongation at break, which corresponds to being able to withstand liquid under pressure of approx. 25 m of water column.

Properties:

Type ASI-D Nitriflex sealing bands have an internal steel reinforcement bar embedded in their cross-section. ø8 bars are distributed every 150 mm, providing better stability during installation at the joint between the foundation slab (foot) and foundation wall.1)2)

Properties:

Besaflex type AS bands are characterised by equal properties to Besaflex type A bands. They are additionally bound by ø8 steel clamps every 150 mm. This provides better stability during installation at the joint between the foundation slab (foot) and foundation wall.1)2)

Properties:

Nitriflex type AS-D sealing bands have the same mechanical parameters as Nitriflex bands. They are additionally equipped with ø8 steel bar clamps distributed every 150 mm. They provide better stability at installation at the joint between the foundation slab (foot) and foundation wall.¹⁾²⁾

Properties:

Nitriflex type A-DBS sealing bands have the same advantages of Nitriflex bands as the type A bands. However, the flexible part of these bands is thicker by approx. 6 mm as compared to their type A counterparts. Thanks to them being thicker, they are able to protect against water pressure higher by a factor of 1,5 than the pressure from the diagram on page 20.

Properties: Besaflex type ASI sealing bands are charcterised by high resistance to ageing in water and conform to all standard solutions. Besaflex type ASI bands have an internal steel reinforcement bar embedded in their cross-section. ø8 bars are distributed every 150 mm, providing better stability during installation at the joint between the foundation slab (foot) and foundation wall.1)2)

Properties:

Elastoflex type FS bands have all the advantages of Elastoflex bands, thanks to which they may be successfully used for providing tightness to tunnels and bridge structures. Their additional advantage is sheet steel embedded at arm ends, extending the water penetration route, and providing greater rigidity during installation.

Day joint sealing bands

Properties: Besaflex type AA external sealing bands are the basic form of protection of day joints during concreting of foundation slabs and walls in buildings designed to be resistant to environmental influences classified as exposure classes X0, XC2, XC4, XS1, XS2, XS3, XF1, XF2, XF3, XF4, XA1, with structure type of S4 (per standard PN-EN 1992). Besaflex bands may be easily joined by welding.1)2)

Properties: Nitriflex type AA external sealing bands effectively protect day joints executed in foundation slabs and walls in structures classified as suitable for Besaflex bands against water influence. In addition, they may be used in structures under threat of chemically aggressive agents described as exposure classes XA2 and XA3, described in detail in standard EN 206-1. They are recommended for sealing day joints in concreted infrastructural objects, i. e. sewage treatment plants, petrol stations, and all kinds of manufacturing halls where process technical liquids are used.1)2)

Properties:

Elastoflex type A external sealing bands are used for sealing day joints executed during concreting of foundation slabs and walls in road structures, tunnels, as well as foundation slabs and boxes for the purpose of servicing heavy industrial equipment. They are recommended everywhere where high shifts and dynamic forces burdening the structure are foreseen. Form profiles as well as al joining of Elastoflex bands should be executed by curing in an appropriate enclosure.

Properties:

Polyflex type AAP external sealing bands are used for protection of day joint against water, in structures additionally protected by surface insulation made of PE film. They can be used in structures under threat of intense chemical aggression and low ambient temperature. Polyflex tapes are joined by welding at approx. 200 °C.

Corner day joint sealing bands

Properties:The Nitriflex type AA external corner day joint sealing bands and the Besaflex BS type EC bands were designed to effectively protect structures at spots, where day joints were created at wall corners. Type EA, EI, and EW bands may be used in reinforced concrete components of varying thickness values.

Expansion joint sealing bands

Expansion joints are purposefully created divisions in building structures, designed to limit or remove tensions caused by temperature differences, concrete contraction, unequal setting and the effects of mining. In certain cases, expansion joints are made because the works are divided into phases and because of installation simplicity.
When designing the edge of an expansion joint, one has to take care of its shape and the form of reinforcement around it, so that they allow proper work of the expansion joint components in the relevant directions. One cannot lay out reinforcement bars through the expansion slit, and the edge of the slab should be reinforced along its length. Depending on their type, one can divide such joints into the following:

• structural (full) expansion joints – they separate a part of the building making up one complete whole in terms of statics, technology and foreseen structure use, or stem from its great size. It is recommended to separate by expansion joints parts of structures with different heights, and differing materially in terms of structural solutions, both with respect to statics as well as to materials. Expansion joints are usually made when a newly-designed structure is erected directly beside an existing one.
• thermal expansion joints – constructed so as to eliminate deformations of individual fragments of structures caused by varying thermal reactions and rheological properties of concrete. In order to ensure the freedom of deformation, the expansion slit should be provided with an appropriate width, allowing the structure to work as required, or otherwise execute components providing rigidity. When shaping the rebar arrangement to suit the thermal influences, one assumes that its components located in the soil are not susceptible to these effects.
• anti-vibration joints – in most cases associated with industrial construction, where they are supposed to protect a site or its individual constituent components against the influence of vibrations of foundations (dynamic and/or acoustic influences) and frame structures, on which machinery is located. Similar characteristics and the obligation of usage of building expansion joints are enforced through a structure’s location within an area of action of seismic waves caused by earthquakes or mining damage.

The Polish national attachment to standard PN-EN 1992-1-1 indicates maximum distances between expansion joints:

Distances between expansion jointst indicated in table NA.1 do not apply to structures located in areas of mining activity, and do not apply to cases, when expansion joints are necessary for other reasons than effects of concrete contraction and temperature differences.

Internal day joint sealing bands

Properties:

Besaflex type D sealing bands have all the characteristics appropriate for the material of which they are made. The selection of sealing bands for expansion joints is dependent upon the expected values presented in selection diagrams from page 20.¹⁾²⁾

Properties:

Nitriflex type D-DBS sealing bands possess all the advantages of Nitriflex type D bands. However, the flexible part of these bands is thicker by approx. 5 mm from the basic version. Thanks to this part being thicker, they are able to protect expansion joints against water pressure higher by a factor of 1,5 than the pressure from the diagram on page 20.¹⁾²⁾

Properties: Nitriflex type D sealing bands have all the characteristics appropriate for the material of which they are made. The selection of sealing bands for expansion joints is dependent upon the expected values presented in selection diagrams from page 20. Thanks to the higher chemical resistance of the material, of which they are made, they can be installed in objects designed for exposure classes XA2 and XA3 according to standard EN 206-1 and for all standard solutions.1)2)

Properties:

Elastoflex type FM bands may be used in structures susceptible to high movements of the separated components. They are an excellent solution for protection of expansion joints in road structures and press-equipped manufacturing halls, susceptible to high dynamic loads.

Properties:

Elastoflex type FMS bands should be used as Elastoflex type FM bands. The sheet steel embedded into the arm ends increase the water penetration route, and also provide increased rigidity during installation.

Properties:

Elastoflex type FMS-DS sealing bands are foreseen for coverage of expansion slits in structures, where high positive and negative movements of expansion joints were designed. The executed expansion chamber allows greater band deformation close to the joint. In addition, at the ends of the arms of these bands, steel sealing bands are embedded. They possess all qualities applicable to Elastoflex type FMS bands.

Properties:

Elastoflex type FM-DS sealing bands are foreseen for coverage of expansion slits in structures, where high positive and negative movements of expansion joints were designed. The executed expansion chamber allows greater band deformation close to the joint. They possess all qualities applicable to Elastoflex type FM bands.

Properties:

Besaflex BS type CC sealing bands, according to British standards, are characterised by better mechanical properties than their base material. However, in addition, they maintain all their advantages. Besaflex sealing bands are joined by welding. There are, in addition, no counterindications against joining Besaflex and Besaflex BS bands.

External day joint sealing bands

Properties:

Besaflex type AD external expansion joint sealing bands should be used to protect against water of expansion joints in buildings designed to be resistant to environmental influences classified as exposure classes X0, XC2, XC4, XS1, XS2, XS3, XF1, XF2, XF3, XF4, XA1, with structure type of S4 (per standard PN-EN 1992). Besaflex bands may be easily joined by welding.1)2)

Properties: Nitriflex type AA external sealing bands effectively protect expansion joints executed in foundation slabs and walls in structures classified as suitable for Besaflex bands against water influence. In addition, they may be used in structures under threat of chemically aggressive agents described as exposure classes XA2 and XA3, described in detail in standard EN 206-1. They are recommended for sealing expansion joints in concreted infrastructural objects, i. e. sewage treatment plants, petrol stations, and all kinds of manufacturing halls where process technical liquids are used.1)2)

Properties: Elastoflex type AM external sealing bands are used for sealing expansion joints executed during concreting of foundation slabs and walls in road structures, tunnels, as well as foundation slabs and boxes for the purpose of servicing heavy industrial equipment. They are recommended everywhere where high shifts and dynamic forces burdening the structure are foreseen. Form profiles as well as al joining of Elastoflex bands should be executed by curing in an appropriate enclosure.

Properties: Polyflex type ADP external sealing bands are foreseen for protection against water intrusion of expansion slits in structures additionally protected by surface insulation of PE film. They can be used in structures under threat of intense chemical aggression and low ambient temperature. Polyflex tapes are joined by welding at approx. 200 °C.

 Corner day joint sealing bands

Properties:
The Nitriflex type DA and the Besaflex BS type EE corner expansion joint sealing bands were designed to effectively protect structures at spots, where expansion joints were created at wall corners. Type EA and EW bands may be used in reinforced concrete components of varying thickness values.

Closing expansion joint sealing bands

Properties:
The Elastoflex types FVK and FAE closing expansion joint sealing bands serve as supplementation of the expansion joint sealing system for joints protected by Elastoflex bands. They can constitute independent protection of expansion joints of ceiling slabs between storeys against rain water.

Properties:
The Besaflex type FV closing expansion joint sealing bands serve as supplementation of the expansion joint sealing system for joints protected by Besaflex bands. They can constitute independent protection of expansion joints of ceiling slabs between storeys against rain water.¹⁾²⁾

Properties:
The Nitriflex type FA closing expansion joint sealing bands serve as supplementation of the expansion joint sealing system for joints protected by Nitriflex bands. They can constitute independent protection of expansion joints of ceiling slabs between storeys against rain water^.1)2)

Properties:

The Nitriflex type FA closing sealing bands with single smooth expanded are should be used for single-side mechanical installation or gluing. In order to execute flush mounting and smoothing of the expansion joint components in the structure, the smooth arm has to be installed in an appropriate crevasse.1)2)

Properties:

The Nitriflex type FA closing sealing bands with expanded back should be used as additional protection of expansion joints in structures with sheet surface insulation of PE film. The use of sheet bitumen insulation requires the use of Nitroflex type FA bands in their BV version.1)2)

Properties:

Nitriflex type FA closing sealing bands with thickened back should be used as additional protection of expansion joints in structures under threat of liquids of elevated chemical or mechanical aggression.

Press-in expansion joint sealing bands

Properties:
The Nitriflex type KLP press-in expansion joint sealing bands are used for masking of protected expansion joints. The selection of appropriate Nitriflex type KLP sealing bands is conditioned on the effective expansion joint movement factor. These bands should be used at structures insulated by Nitriflex or Besaflex bands.

Properties:

The TPE type KLP press-in expansion joint sealing bands are used for masking of protected expansion joints. The selection of appropriate TPE type KLP sealing bands is conditioned on the effective expansion joint movement factor. These bands should be used at structures insulated by TPE or Elastoflex bands.

Properties:

The TPE type KLS press-in sealing band is used as a covering or support component for resins or putty covers, with expansion joints having a width of 15-35 mm.

Properties:

The Nitriflex type KLM press-in sealing bands are used as covering for expansion joints. An unbeatable advantage they offer is the fact that the entire band sits in the slit.

Properties:

The TPE type KLM press-in sealing bands are used as covering for expansion joints. An unbeatable advantage they offer is the fact that the entire band sits in the slit.

Properties:

The Elastoflex type HK press-in sealing bands are used as covering for expansion joints. An unbeatable advantage they offer is the fact that the entire band sits in the slit.

Mechanically-mounted sealing bands

Properties: Nitriflex type FL external day joint insulation bands are used for sealing day joints and apparent expansion slits against intrusion by water under pressure. These bands should be used with a pressure structure on both sides, guaranteeing compression on to the surface that would be equal to or higher than the water pressure. The mechanically installed bands are in most cases utilised for sealing divisions where newly constructed structure parts meet existing parts. They can be affixed to the base surface using adhesive, but such a joint only provides resistance against rain water that is not under hydrostatic pressure. Nitriflex type FL bands should be used at structures, the day joints of which are protected by Besaflex and Nitriflex day joint and expansion joint bands.

Properties:The Elastoflex type FLK external day joint sealing bands are used for sealing day joint and apparent expansion slits against intrusion by water under pressure. These bands should be used with a pressure structure on both sides, guaranteeing compression on to the surface that would be equal to or higher than the water pressure. The mechanically installed bands are in most cases utilised for sealing divisions where newly constructed structure parts meet existing parts. They can be affixed to the base surface using adhesive, but such a joint only provides resistance against rain water that is not under hydrostatic pressure. Elastoflex type FLK bands should be used at structures, the day joints of which are protected by Elastoflex day joint and expansion joint bands.

Properties:

The Nitriflex type BOD external expansion joint sealing bands are used for sealing expansion slits with high movement compensation requirements, in which the band cannot be concreted for process technical reasons. It is to be used in cases corresponding to Nitriflex type FL sealing bands.

Properties:

The Nitriflex type BOD external expansion joint sealing bands are used for sealing expansion slits, in which the band cannot be concreted for process technical reasons. It is to be used in cases corresponding to Nitriflex type FL sealing bands.

Mechanically installed sealing bands – special solutions

Internal sealing band for day joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
KFB 330-G	25/5	roll	3,50	SU-TU-BP-0-02321

Internal sealing band for day joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
A450 KL-G	25/2	roll	5,2	SU-TU-BP-0-06640

External sealing band for day joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AA240-G	25/4	roll	1,90	SU-TU-BP-0-02074

External sealing band for day joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AA 320-G	25/4	roll	3,00	SU-TU-BP-0-02083

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
FM 350 KF-G	25/4	roll	3,80	SU-TU-BP-0-06641

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AM 350-G	25/15	roll	3,00	SU-TU-BP-0-06647

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
DA240-G	25/4	roll	2,00	SU-TU-BP-0-06642

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
DA320-G	25/4	roll	3,10	SU-TU-BP-0-06643

Mechanically installed sealing bands

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
DA320-GG	25/4	roll	1,80	SU-TU-BP-0-08201

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AMG 350-GG	25/4	roll	2,20	SU-TU-BP-0-08202

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
OMEGA380-GG	25/4	roll	2,80	SU-TU-BP-0-06661

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
A500 KL-GG	25/2	roll	2,90	SU-TU-BP-0-02061

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
FM 350 KF2 -GG	25/4	roll	3,80	SU-TU-BP-0-08203

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
OK 250-GG	25/5	roll	–	SU-TU-BP-0-06663

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
OK 300-GG	25/4	roll	–	SU-TU-BP-0-06664

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
OK 350-GG	25/4	roll	–	SU-TU-BP-0-06665

Mechanically installed sealing bands – special solutions

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
D 330 E-G	25/8	roll	2,60	SU-TU-BP-0-02179

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
FM 350 K-G	25/5	roll	5,20	SU-TU-BP-0-08204

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
F 500 K-G	25/4	roll	6,40	SU-TU-BP-0-06651

Internal sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
FM 500 K-G	25/4	roll	6,40	SU-TU-BP-0-06650

Mechanically installed sealing bands

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
DA330/35 E-G	25/8	roll	3,60	SU-TU-BP-0-02216

External sealing band for expansion joints Nitriflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
DA330/35 EA-G	25/8	roll	3,60	SU-TU-BP-0-02217

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AM 350 K-G	25/5	roll	4,00	SU-TU-BP-0-08205

External sealing band for expansion joints Elastoflex
Symbol	Package roll/pallete [mb/pcs.]	Sales unit	Weight [kg/mb]	Art. no.
AM 350 KA-G	25/5	roll	4,00	SU-TU-BP-0-06658

Sealing bands joined with sheet insulation

Properties: The Besaflex type FAP external day joint sealing bands are used for concreting within reinforced concrete structures with external sheet insulation. The band is concreted in the spots, where additional film sheets are attached, or at their ends, in order to weld these together. The choice of Besaflex type FAP sealing bands is dependent on the environment aggression conditions. They are used in structures protected by Besaflex day joint and expansion slit bands.

Properties: The Nitriflex type FAPN external day joint sealing bands are used for concreting within reinforced concrete structures with external sheet insulation. The band is concreted in the spots, where additional film sheets are attached, or at their ends, in order to weld these together. The choice of Nitriflex type FAPN sealing bands is dependent on the environment aggression conditions. They are used in structures protected by Nitriflex day joint and expansion slit bands.

Properties: The Polyflex type AAP external day joint sealing bands are used for concreting within reinforced concrete structures with external sheet insulation. The band is concreted in the spots, where additional film sheets are attached, or at their ends, in order to weld these together. The choice of Polyflex type AAP sealing bands is dependent on the environment aggression conditions. They are used in structures protected by Polyflex day joint and expansion slit bands. Upon special customer order, these bands may be manufactured of HDPE.

Properties:

Taśmy uszczelniające do przerw roboczych zewnętrzne Poliflex typ SAA służą do uszczelnienia przerw roboczych w konstrukcji żelbetowej z zewnętrzną izolacją arkuszową. W celu zapewnienia ciągłości izolacji arkuszowej należy dogrzać ją do gładkiej strony taśmy uszczelniającej.

Properties:

The Polyflex type SDA external day joint sealing bands are used for sealing expansion slits within reinforced concrete structures with external sheet insulation. In order to provide continuity of sheet insulation, it should be heat welded to the smooth side of the sealing band.

Notes to tables
1) Detailed information characterising the individual materials can be found in the tables in the Material overview tab.
2) Soft PVC sealing bands may not come into contact (react) with chlorinated hydrocarbons (i. e. bitumen compounds, petrol). In order to ensure durability of sealing bands, for which there exists the risk of contact with the substances indicated above, one should use material that is resistant to bitumen compounds. In the retail range, the band symbol is suffixed with the letters BV. Information, whether a BV type band is requires, should be given with the order.